Cakmak, Fidel2026-01-242026-01-2420250144-929X1362-3001https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2025.2587731https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12868/5861The recent advanced chatbots have been met with notable enthusiasm in the research community. The technological developments have enhanced the capability of chatbots to engage with users as conversational partners, marking a significant stride forward in the field of artificial intelligence and human-computer interaction. This study aims to investigate the effect of users' personal factors, such as personality and interpersonal interaction skills, on human-chatbot interaction with the chatbot, Replika. The participants were 96 EFL students. They used Replika for twelve weeks, practicing oral interactions with the chatbot outside of class. The Big Five Personality Trait test and a questionnaire for communication skill assessment were employed before the intervention. Students' L2 oral performance with human peers and Replica was assessed. The quantitative method was used to analyze the data. The findings reveal a significant difference between the oral performance of foreign language learners when interacting with peers versus when interacting with Replika. Additionally, personal traits and communication skills significantly predicted L2 oral communication performance with Replika. Overall, the results that personal traits and communication skills can predict the L2 oral performance of students with chatbots.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessSmart technologieschatbotoral communication skillsBig Five Personality Testpersonal factors in L2Article10.1080/0144929X.2025.25877312-s2.0-105022242776Q1WOS:001616086500001Q2