| dc.description.abstract | Abstract
Background: Accessory ossicles, sesamoid bones, and biphalangism of toes are the most common developmental
variations of the foot. These bones may be associated with painful syndromes; however, their clinical importance is not
well understood because the reported prevalence varies widely. Therefore, we aimed to investigate these variants in
Turkish subjects.
Methods: A total of 1651 foot radiographs were retrospectively assessed. Radiographs of feet were examined regarding
the prevalence, sex, and bilaterality of accessory ossicles, sesamoid bones, and biphalangism in Turkish subjects.
Results: Accessory ossicles (26.1%) and sesamoid bones (8%) were detected. The most common accessory ossicles
were os trigonum (9.8%), accessory navicular bone (7.9%), and os peroneum (5.8%). Also, we detected os supratalare
(0.48%), os calcanei secundarium (0.42%) os subfibulare (0.42%), os supranaviculare (0.36%), os vesalianum (0.30%), os
subtibiale (0.24%), os intermetatarseum (0.12%), and os subcalcis (0.12%). We observed bipartite hallux sesamoid in
1.8% and interphalangeal sesamoid bone of the hallux in 0.7% of radiographs. Incidences of metatarsophalangeal sesamoid
bones were found as 0.6%, 0.06%, 0.6%, and 5.8% in the second, third, fourth, and fifth digit, respectively. We observed
biphalangeal toe in 0.5%, 1.7%, 3.5%, and 37.6% in the second, third, fourth, and fifth toe, respectively.
Conclusion: This study is the first detailed report on the incidence of the most common variants of the foot and ankle in
a wide-ranging patients’ series in Turkish subjects. Our study’s findings will contribute to reducing misdiagnosis.
Clinical Relevance: The results of this study may provide anatomical data that could help clinicians in the diagnosis and
management of disorders that present with pain and discomfort in the feet. Knowledge of these variants is important to
prevent misinterpreting them as fractures. | en_US |
